Christian Dalits And The Caste Essay - 1860 Words

Christian Dalits also suffer alienation from their fellow Hindu Dalits because of social and religious differences. Hindu Dalits see their fellow Christian Dalits as potential competitors in the share of reservations which are given by the government. This disfavor is primarily due to non-Christian Dalits seeing their Christian counterparts as already having benefited from and uplifted by missionary and ecclesiastical assistance. Many of them also see conversion to Christianity as a shameful surrender of one’s beliefs. Dalit Christians also receive persecution from fellow Christians who are not part of a scheduled caste. Since the Scheduled Caste Act only applies to Dalits, people who are of higher caste status are exempt from the loss of their caste identity. Even though these people profess Christian beliefs, they still practice social distance, untouchability, and social stratification toward their Dalit counterparts. Many of them append their caste suffix to their names, which are read in the church at marriages, funerals, and other occasions. This behavior is seen evidently in Tamil Nadu. There are many discriminations that exist within both Catholic and Protestant churches toward Dalit Christians in Tamil Nadu. One of the most striking practices is the construction of two separate chapels; one for non-Dalits, and the other for Dalits. When both groups do have services together, the Dalits are expected to take seats on the floor even if there are benches or chairs.Show MoreRelatedSocio-Cultural Oppression To Dalit. A)Inter-Caste Marriage.1565 Words   |  7 PagesSocio-cultural Oppression to Dalit a) Inter-caste Marriage Inter-caste marriage is prohibited in Hindu culture. Caste system only allows the endogamy system. However, the upper caste men have a freedom to use exogamy and polygamy. Upper caste man is allowed informal sexual rights to lower caste women but he does not give her a status of the wife because she is considered as an untouchable and impure. On the contrary, the upper caste woman is restricted to endogamous marriage and she is tied to theRead MoreThe Importance Of The Religion Of Hinduism And Hinduism849 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity. The first notable instance of the Hindu religion when opposed to Christianity is that while the Christians believe in 3 deities (The Holy Trinity), The Hindu religion holds the belief that there are many deities. Christians and Hindus have beliefs of how life or the cycle of life works and deciding \ which religion to truly believe may be a matter of which religion accept ones’ birth or caste status. Over 300 million deities exist that Hindus believe in. There are three main deities that representRead MoreThe Population Of India And India1486 Words   |  6 Pagesare approximately 28 million Christians (Knapp). This number equates to about 80% of the total population of Canada. To some this would seem that Christianity is flourishing in India. However, the total population of India is 1.25 billion; Christianity only makes up approximately 2.2 per cent of the entire population, while Hinduism makes up 79.8 per cent and Islam 14.2 per cent. Further, since 1951, there has not been a significant increase in the rate of Christians when compared with the totalRead MoreIndia Shining- A Cruel Joke?1006 Words   |  4 Pages I stopped using the full of my last name because it denotes caste. So I go by the name Stalin K†, this excerpt from an interview with the ‘India Untouched’ documentary maker, gives us a fair idea of his commitment to the issue of untouchability, something which is also very apparent in his work. More recently seen in Aamir Khan’s ‘Satyameva Jayate’, his documentaries have galvanized international attention towards the issues of caste and untouchability in contemporary India. Spanning across eightRead MoreIndian Caste System5772 Words   |  24 PagesThe Indian caste system describes the system of social stratification and social restrictions in India in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed jÄ tis or castes. Within a jÄ ti, there exist exogamous groups known as gotras, the lineage or clan of an individual. In a handful of sub-castes such as Shakadvipi, endogamy within a gotra is permitt ed and alternative mechanisms of restricting endogamy are used (e.g. banning endogamy within a surname). TheRead MoreIndia And The Indian Constitution1804 Words   |  8 PagesWith the change of the conditions, it is felt these laws need reformation. 4.1 Reservation System The provisions available in the Constitution of India, taking into account which requests identifying with reservations in administrations for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and other Backward Classes (OBCs) have been issued by Department of Personnel Training and Ministries of Social Justice of Government of India. The procurements made in the Articles 16, 335, 338, 340, 341 342 of theRead MorePentecostal Movement Its Impact Among the Dalits and Tribal in India4731 Words   |  19 PagesI. Introduction The prime focus of this paper is to explore the modern Pentecostal or charismatic movement and its impacts among the Dalits and the tribal in India. In this paper the presenter will also try to bring out a brief origins and historical development of Pentecostalism, in order to understand the movement and its impact on the Dalits and the tribal in India. 1. Etymology of the term Pentecostal The term Pentecostal is derived from the Greek word pentekostà © which literally means ‘fifty’Read MoreNepal : A Countrys Country1877 Words   |  8 PagesMuslim, 3.0% Kirant/Yumaist, 1.42% Christian, and 0.9% followed other religions or no religion. In Nepal history, King Prithwi Naryan shah conquered many states and turned into a single country. Before that, Nepal was divided into many states and each state had own king. Each state has own culture, tradition, and language. After Nepal is becoming one unified country with new cultures, traditions, and languages. King declared Hindu nation and divided the Nepal caste system into four groups, and theyRead MoreCaste System, The Scourge of Indian Civilization Essay2096 Words   |  9 PagesCaste system has been the scourge of Indian civilization and culture. The battle against this oppressive and inhuman is older than even some of the great religions of the world. The first warrior to wage against this system was probabl y Gautam Buddha who waged the war against this inhuman system in 6th century B.C. No doubt, Buddha was able to put some dents in the system, but after the Nirvana of Buddha, the system once again rose like a phoenix and gained strength to crush humanity. In fact, theRead MoreReligious Conversion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1383 Words   |  6 Pageslower by foreign missionaries, in return, converted to Christianity attracted by monetary gains. In their long struggle for equality, Indian Dalits or untouchables, the regular exchange of Hinduism Islam, Christianity, Sikhism and Buddhism, believe that they will live a better life to do so. They have always believed that Hinduism, its practice Varna (caste distinction), has been solely responsible for all their ills. But when they switch to another religion, they encounter the same difference, but

Leadership Styles (BUS660- Ashford University) Essay examples

LEADERSHIP STYLE 1 Leadership Style BUS660: Contemporary Issues in Organizational Leadership September 8, 2013 Ashford University LEADERSHIP STYLE 2 There are many definitions for the term leadership. This term have different meanings to each individual. Leadership is defined as a complex phenomenon involving the leader, the followers, and the situation (Hughes, Ginnett Curphy, 2012). Leadership is a quality that one can gain through employment experience and/or through education and can also be gained through mentorship. There are many different leadership styles that a leader may fall under. Each type of leadership style has its own uniqueness that makes the leader fall under that particular†¦show more content†¦The military often implement this type of leadership style. The military is considered to use this type of leadership style because the leaders often have to make decisions quickly for their troops. Charismatic Leadership Having a charismatic leadership style can most often resemble and transformational leadership style. This type of leadership resembles the transformational leadership style because these leaders tend to inspire their team (www.mindtools.com). These types of leaders are enthusiastic and energetic. They like to encourage their team members and encourage them to move forward. In contrast to an autocratic leadership, they allow their staff and team members to provide suggestions and let their voices be heard. Unlike an autocratic LEADERSHIP STYLE 4 leader, charismatic leader team members would show up to work all the time and would have little to no turnover rate. One downside of having a charismatic leader is that they can believe in themselves more than they believe in their team (www.mindtools.com). A charismatic leader might believe that she can do no wrong, while carrying great responsibilities. An effective leadership is the extent to which a leader continually and progressively leading and directing his/her followers to the agreed destination which is defined by the whole group (Bhati, Matilo, Shaikh, and Hashmi, 2012). Democratic/Participative Leadership In a democratic leadership, the leader makes the final decision while

The Significance of Minimising Risk on Elderly Adults Free Essay Example, 1000 words

I acknowledge that it is essential for nurses to use the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool to assess Sita s nutritional status, which aids in minimizing the risk of malnutrition and dehydration (Fisher and Scott, 2013). Sita was referred to dieticians who advised nurses to give healthy foods and high-calorie drinks to her. I always encouraged Sita to eat the recommended foods and drink more fluids. I monitored her food and fluid intake regularly and documented it in the food and fluid chart. Further, I and my mentor did Sita s pain assessment using the pain assessment chart and administer pain relief drugs as prescribed by the doctor. Older people are more likely to catch infections because of their weak immune system (Pignolo et al. , 2011). Sita was at increased risk of developing urinary tract infection triggered by the catheter bag inserted in her. Accordingly, I and my mentor carried out an appropriate risk assessment in Sita to reduce the risk of getting urinary tract infe ction. Whilst, inserting a catheter bag in Sita, we followed the aseptic non-touch technique procedure and washed our hands carefully before and after coming in contact with her to minimize cross-infection. We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of Minimising Risk on Elderly Adults or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In the future, this experience will help me to identify and mitigate any potential risks that can cause adverse health impacts in elderly patients and I will also follow appropriate methods in my attempt to minimize risks.

Epigenetic Research - 756 Words

The penchant for analytical thinking and the scientific system was prevalent in my upbringing, a by-product of being born to two scientists. Therefore, when I began working on epigenetic research on Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) at Saint Louis University, I felt comfortable around the slow, systematic approach studded with jargon heavy language. I was excited to experience molecular biology, to work in the same kind of labs I’d visited as a child. When I applied to the job, FSHD was words linked to the epigenetic status of the D4Z4 sequence. In other words an abstract concept. That was the extent of my understanding until I met a 13 year old FSHD patient. If epigenetic changes are the result of environmental factors or†¦show more content†¦Volunteering at the HRC gave me the opportunity to interact with patients from varied socioeconomic, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. Every weekend I grew more comfortable navigating the diverse waiting room, wh ether by using my polylingual background to learn key words of Spanish, Arabic, Russian, or Mandarin, or seeing how far a smile and eye contact could go. Years of involuntary practice as the â€Å"agony aunt† for my friends prepared me as an empathetic listener, a skill I employed to ensure the clinic’s visitors received the most comprehensive care. One incident stands out in my memory. Hep A vaccine, I assisted the patient with the phone, I noticed his eyes glazing over between pressing each digit on the phone. Within seconds I would have to wake him and repeat our conversation. That five-minute interaction with him made it clear that the man was far beyond the simple sleep-deprivation he believed it to be. The physician I brought in determined that the man probably suffered from narcolepsy, and I worked to connect him to the appropriate groups and for transportation. It struck me that the man had gone through the entire clinic, received a vaccine, and no one had been able to interact with him long enough in the frenzy of a weekend clinic. He showed me that while medicine did rely on exciting equipment and sophisticated techniques, sometimes a friendly conversation was enough to start making the difference in one man’s health. That direct interaction withShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Epigenetics And Genetics, Research Of Epigenetics, And Diseases Associated With Epigenetics Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesRole of Epigenetics The research of epigenetics has evolved from the twentieth century from two scientists including Conrad H. Waddington and Ernst Hadorn who combined genetics and biology. There was an interest in this study in the 1990s. Research has evolved trying to figure out the changes caused by epigenetic mechanisms. This field is growing as researchers are unraveling environmental and lifestyle influences on genes (Epigenetics, n.d.). This paper will discuss differences in epigenetics and geneticsRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Technician At The Center For Epigenetic Research927 Words   |  4 Pagesyou earned your baccalaureate degree prior to this past June, please indicate your plans for the upcoming academic year. I have been working as a research technician at the Center for Epigenetic Research at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center since last June and will continue to do so for the upcoming year. My research involves examining the epigenetic changes that occur in cancer progression. Using techniques such as Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and Assays for Transposase Accessible follow byRead MoreEssay about What is Epigenetics and How Can It Effect Me?772 Words   |  4 PagesBefore conducting research and watching numerous informational videos on epigenetics, I would have never believed that when my grandmother was my age, she made dietary decisions that have affected me. Technically speaking, epigenetics simply means above genetics. In other words, epigenetics is the traits that you and I inherit, but do not necessarily necessitate the sequence of genes. I took me a while to actually grasp the concept until I thought of it from a musical perspective. Imagine our DNARead MoreIntroduction:. Epigenetics Studies The Biological Information1364 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Epigenetics studies the biological information that can be inherited in addition to the DNA, through biochemical changes such as methylation and histone modifications that can affect gene expression and lead to a particular phenotype [9]. Epigenetic plasticity can be influenced by internal and external factors, such as the in utero environment of early development [9]. The intrauterine environment can have short and long term effects on the health and future disease state of offspringRead MoreThe Theory Of Maternal Age And Its Influence On The Risk Of Autism Essay1278 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to reduce the number of children affected by this disorder, we need to first understand what causes it. Researchers have been working diligently over the years, but the exact mechanism of what causes autism is still unknown. The extensive research has been able to rule out factors that do not contribute to autism and has made advancements in possible causative factors. As of right now, it appears that the source is possibly multi-factorial, just like the disorder. Theories that are believedRead MoreBiochemical Approaches On The Import Of Genetics Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesSociogenomics: Biochemical Approaches to Study the Import of Genetics in Social Behaviours Literature Review Sociogenomics is a relatively new research area that isn t very well understood. Scholarly articles (e.g., Roberts Jackson, 2008) describe it as a field that explores the following: the identification of genes that influence social behavior, the understanding of the influence of these genes on underlying neural and endocrine mechanisms, and understanding the effects of the environment,Read MoreSocioeconomic Status and Health Issues1380 Words   |  5 Pagesprevalence of poverty within many countries in the world. Recent studies have investigated the possible effects on the biological mechanisms by examining the differences in epigenetic patterns between individuals with variability in socioeconomic status. Although there have been limited studies conducted on this area, research has determined that the status of socioeconomic often has a significant impact on methylation, with an increase or decrease in certain sections of the genome depending on theRead MoreWhat ´s Epigenetic La ndscape?943 Words   |  4 Pagesit can do for us but, thanks to the works of Dr. Conrad H. Waddington â€Å"Epigenetic Landscape† 1939, which was followed up and expanded on by Dr. Adrian Bird and Danny Reinberg (1975~) we know that it does exist and it has far reaching implications for future development in medical research and biological development fields. ï‚ § Risk assessment ï‚ § Prevention ï‚ § Progression analysis ï‚ § Prognosis and biomarker development Epigenetics ~ is the term coined to explain a variety of â€Å"bizarre† phenotypic phenomenaRead MoreBehavioral Epigenetics : Biological Heredity And Nurture1428 Words   |  6 Pagesothers do not? Behavioral epigenetics examines how nurture shapes nature, where nature refers to biological heredity and nurture refers to everything that occurs during the animal s lifespan. Epigenetics is the study of alterations in an organism caused by modifications of gene expressions instead of alterations of the genetic code itself. Behavioral epigenetics is the field of study, which analyzes the role epigenetics have in shaping human or animal behavior. Epigenetics works by wrapping DNA aroundRead MoreThree Main Pathways Of Epigenetic Modification1783 Words   |  8 PagesEpigenetic Modifications in Cancer Scientists have known for several decades that cancer may be caused by mutations in the DNA of cells. These mutations may result from exposure to certain substances (e.g. radiation, benzene) or they may occur spontaneously in the process of cell division, especially in the context of aging. Recently, researchers have discovered another level of inherited cellular information separate from the genes themselves. Epigenetics is the study of modifications to genes

Early Childhood Education and Children Free Essays

Mothers Stay at Home Are there any benefits for children stay one of parent with them at home? Mothers who stay at home are helpful for their family. Many mothers prefer to give their children to their mothers, but if there is not grandmother to care child, that will be problem especially if the child is still baby or infant. Mothers are compelled to find a place to put their child there. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Childhood Education and Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many kinds of places that may mothers join their child to stay there and to have education, such as to educational settings which consist of early child education, pre-school, nursery school, and pre-kindergarten. Also, there are many places to get care and education for children nanny, governess, babysitting, au pair, and extended family, for example. In fact, mother’s decision; that choosing stay with her children at home or going to work and joining her children in convenient place, is important critical for her. A mother who stays at house are more probable to have time to be involved with their children. Those mothers who stay home is able to become more completely involved their children activities. For example, mother will give carful and interest for her children. Moreover, many people mention to needs childhood such as feeding, sustenance, and nurturing. Most women have been housewife to be breadwinners, and to be caretakers. â€Å"Child care can cost up to $15,000 for one year in the United States. Approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers† (Lynn, 2002). Indeed, many societies have been assumed that women will stay home and take care of their children while their spouses go out and work. In addition, woman pregnancy suffers to go out and doing hard work many hours without rest times, but when she stay home will get time to have rest and lying. Many mothers work to be ready for unexpected situations like a husband’s unemployment, husband’s death, a divorce, or sickness. In fact, nobody wants to be working more than eight hours a day and missing his or her family life. In encouragement of mothers who want to work, Dr. Phil says that many mothers optimism to be a parent and pursue an occupation and they often become miserable when they are stuck just in a parenting capacity. â€Å"If the child is mothered by a parent who is feeling frustrated and depressed and empty, that is not a good thing,† he says. Even though some parents are now separated, father continues in the role of primary caregiver to his children, while mother continue to support her family. A man is not hard to give up the traditional role as breadwinner. However, A woman can be more responsibility to earn money and take care for her family. A lot of women have been socialized to be service workers for their societies, not solely to be housewife. Some time a man feels difficult to abdicate some things like giving up self-worth, feelings of masculinity and personal power. It can be tough on men, especially in the beginning. In conclusion, it’s these deeper issues. Making the decision to stay home with your children or join the workforce can be a difficult process. It appears approximating employed moms just can’t success. Every woman has dream to be effective in her society and earn money, but she will face challenges with her care children. Sources 1. Dr. Phil: http://drphil. com/articles/article/284 2. Olson, Lynn (2002). [According to the 2002 Quality Counts survey conducted by Education Week, approximately six out of every ten children, or almost 12 million children, age five and younger, are being jointly cared for by parents and early childhood educators, relatives, or other child-care providers. â€Å"Starting Early†]. Education Week 21 (17): 10–11. Retrieved 24 November 2012. How to cite Early Childhood Education and Children, Essay examples

Managing Value Chain Global Economy

Question: Discuss about the Managing Value Chain for Global Economy. Answer: Introduction: Globalization is the process of international integration of markets in the global economy. The pace of globalization has increased for a couple of reasons. The development in integrated communications technology and transport has accelerated the pace of globalization. Globalization has been a driver significant growth in the industry economics. It has become the catchword for the international economy and the nations have become greatly interdependent through flow of goods and services across borders (Beck 2014). In the recent times, the globalization processes are viewed from the perspectives of value chains. Value chain analysis can be defined as the tool for creating greatest possible value for the customers. The businesses are paid to take raw inputs and they add value to them that could be worth to people. When these values are coordinated across geographies, it is stated as global value chain (Pananond 2013). The activity of value chain includes design, production, marketing, distribution and support to the final consumer (Geisler 2016). The idea of value chain was developed by Michael Porter who classified the activities into primary and secondary (Fearne, Martinez and Dent 2012). The primary activities include inbound logistics where the inputs are received. Then, under operations the inputs are transformed into outputs. Next, the outbound activities involve distribution. The buyers are informed about the products and services under marketing and sales. Lastly, the service activities are included after the products are sold and delivered. The secondary activities include procurement, technological development, human resource management and infrastructure (Fearne, Martinez and Dent 2012). The aim of this essay is to evaluate the impact of globalization on the value chain based on the literature and experience. Every organization makes decisions that affect the profitability and competitive advantage. Going global is one of the strategies to gain competitive advantage for organizations. Value chain analysis can be used to formulate competitive strategies and developing linkages that create value in the global world (Antrs and Chor 2013). Porter suggests an environment for co-ordinating and sharing of activities between nations. The different nations have different market focus and customer demands that require co-ordination across product lines and boundaries. The organizations search for competitive advantage beginning with the strategic choices and position within the industry. An organization must implement competitive strategy for achieving competitive advantage (Antrs and Chor 2013). Value is determined by unique combination of attributes, related to products and services as it is important to the customer. For example, the value of multinational automobiles such as Ferrari or Fiat is determined only by customer perception. Value is added from the specific functions performed by them. The organization may compete in design while working closely with advertising or material procurement (Antrs and Chor 2013). Value chain activities are not a collection of independent activities. Competitive advantage can result from any of these linkages. Globalization provides access to cheap raw materials, energy sources and better environment regulations (Antrs and Chor 2013). With low cost, the companies can attain cost leadership thereby adding to the competitive advantage. The competitors from regions across the world having different value chains are competing against established market leaders. With the increasing competition, the companies are competing on their strengths of supply chain. They aim to attain the greatest quality product at a lower price than the competitors. The companies are outsourcing manufacturing or technologies for lower price that helps in adding value across boundaries. For example, Vodafone has a competitive advantage over its competitors since it outsources IT environment to IBM (Thehindubusinessline.com 2016). Value chain finance can be defined as the financing provided by the value chain for enhancing value chain growth and competitiveness. The finance involves a wide range of products. Trade is not possible without finance. The organizations rely on external capital for covering its upfront costs (Amal et al. 2013). There are several financial factors that significantly affect the organization of global value chains across the territorial boundaries. The multinationals may choose to self-finance or get seasonal loans from buyers. The financial institutions offer short-term or long-term lines of credit, letters of credit and loans. For example, Nike subcontracts to unaffiliated products in Cambodia and Vietnam (Amal et al. 2013). The multinational enterprises are responsible for making three key decisions: the manufacturing location of the host country, integration of production abroad and network decisions for consumer markets. The financial frictions affect the multinational corporation s location, network decisions and integration (Amal et al. 2013). Finance acts as a critical input as it provides opportunities for the multinationals to enter into more lucrative markets. Without access to finance, the business would not grow and they can lose opportunities to compete and grow. Finance is relevant for value chain development because there needs to be an in-depth understanding of the global end markets. The approach seeks to facilitate changes in the organizational behaviour that increase competitiveness of chain. Value chain financing also helps in lending arrangement evolving from business relationships. The aspects for transactions also need to be considered. Since the transactions are made globally, the payment and delivery terms are also covered (Milberg and Winkler 2013). One of the reasons for the rising global value chain is upgrading technology. The global value chain must not be seen as a static structure, because they have the opportunity to erect barriers to entry. Global value chains aim at maximizing profit along the chain. Every value chain looks for commercial opportunities through new technologies or processes for increasing competitive advantage as a whole. The spread of global value chain has been enhanced due to technological advances. The technological advancement has reduced trade barriers and co-coordination cost. The development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been an important driver in the emergence of global value chains (Linstone and Phillips 2013). With the emergence of internet and reliable communication infrastructures, the costs of trade between countries have reduced. There has been an expansion in the operations of multinationals through foreign direct investment (FDI) and developing a closer relation with the investor (Adeniyi et al. 2012). Also, the development of electronic commerce has provided potential benefits in the global value chain. The organizations are getting new perspectives and enhancing their technology structure for economic, operational and competitive benefits. Electronic procurement has increased the availability of information thereby improving customer service by enhancing flow of information. The integration of technology in global value chain has provided tremendous savings to the organization and opened a new world of opportunities (Narula 2014). However, there is a chance of security breach. The information stored in the electronic database may be quicker, but the information technology systems are vulnerable to security breaches. It may lead to disruption of confidential data. Moreover, the start-up costs of implementing the information technology system may be costly. This would add to the administrative and training cost that must be provided to the employees of organization (Antrs and Chor 2013). People are the most significant source of value as the organizations can create significant competitive advantages. It depends on how well an organization recruits, hires, motivates and retains the employees. The purpose of the value chain is to create value for the companies as well as its customers (Ulrich 2013). Human resources focus on improving employees and organization performance. With globalization, there is a scope for diverse recruitment. The organizations are interacting with the customers and stakeholders in diverse languages and backgrounds. Also, it brings about a range of ideas in the organization. Also, the multinational organizations either try to take the companys culture into a nation, or emphasizes on localization for addressing market needs. The organizations can try and build good rapport with the local communities (Buller and McEvoy 2012). If the human resource issues are not established well and there are disparities in hiring and training processes, it shall affect the operations and lead to financial loss. The virtual teams and cross-cultural groups are also used for struggling with conflicts (Gonzlez-Loureiro et al. 2014). The human resources must work diligently and train the employees as they play a great role in creating value. They must be trained on cultural sensitivity. Additionally, globalization requires the employees to be acquainted with the foreign languages. The human resources help the organizations understand different laws of many jurisdictions in the business. Value can be created as the organization can change the requirements on working hours, minimum wage and tax allowances as per the need (Bratton and Gold 2012). The success of international trade depends on the local culture adopted by the company. The cultural issues are important in the value chains as in the global market; the culture or every nation is different. Once an organization crosses its national borders, they encounter complexities in the operations, sales and distribution process. The cultural issues become even more complex when people belonging to one geographic area prefer the other (Pieterse 2012). The studies show that the best results can be achieved if the business processes adapt with the local culture. Cultural complexities add to the global logistics. Cultural mixes are the greatest area of complexity as no mistakes can be made. The organizations may mostly get the expertise to cope up with exchange rates, finance and inflation, but they may not necessarily be able to understand the difference between customers in terms of history, language and laws that affect culture (Emmett and Crocker 2016). If an organization breaks taboo in another culture, the local culture might not want to conduct business with the country, thereby creating barriers to achieve optimum results. Cultural differences can have a huge impact when an organization wants to extend its business crossing boundaries. There may be misunderstandings, loss of contracts or money if the cultural differences are not well accepted (Schmeisser 2013). Different situations can be faced when working in a global environment. Multi-cultural teams may be established for handling business issues and creating value. Culture must be respected when working in the global environment. Value can be created through open and honest communication, transparency and various other techniques. The leaders of the organizations may take into account how each culture prefers to communicate (Emmett and Crocker 2016). Value chain analysis plays a critical role in policy making. The political risks play a critical role in the value chain. A localized crisis can have global repercussions. Value chain analysis is a valuable tool to investigate the role that value chains can play in achieving specific policy objectives, such as poverty alleviation, sustained growth and inequality reduction. For example, major investments in infrastructures that are crucial for a staple value chain can be planned on the basis of the recognition of the importance of that staple for food security (Ponte and Sturgeon 2013). The economies are not equally engaged or involved in the global value chains. The various economies participating in global value chains can be used in other economies exports (Ponte and Sturgeon 2013). The economic analysis allows analysts to determining for instance, the value added created by the overall value chain, the value added and margins for each economic agent at each stage of the chain, the value added distribution among factors such as capital: profits, labour: wages, other assets: rents (Neilson, Pritchard and Yeung 2014). Pretty much as most Cost-Benefit Analyses (CBAs), the economic analysis of a value chain is carried out both from the perspective of private agents, using market prices, and from the perspective of the society as a whole, using the so-called reference prices (Neilson, Pritchard and Yeung 2014). The organizations are greatly implementing corporate social responsibility practices in developing countries. The changes in the corporate value systems are driven my various factors. The multinational corporations are spread across the globe. With the globalization in production networks, the organization has to extend their CSR reach not just in the overseas subsidiaries but also various degrees of operational control (Caplan, Dutta and Lawson 2013). However, it is a challenge for the organizations to avoid weak CSR practices in the global value chains. CSR are related with international labour, meeting environmental standards and humanitarian practices. The adoption of such CSR practices by the company exerts an upward pull of the performance of suppliers (Caplan, Dutta and Lawson 2013). The CSR activities are focused on provision of environmental services. The multinational corporations are required to implement CSR practices within the country and crossing the borders to enhance the value chains (Bair and Palpacuer 2015). The value chain is enhanced by CSR practices as it creates high reputation in the global world. The government and other political bodies must ensure that the practices are being followed. The companies can also perform corrective actions using CSR practices that enhance global value chain (Soundararajan and Brown 2014). Some companies engage in more long term CSR projects with their suppliers to help them to reach compliance with their code or to increase their overall social and environmental performance. Emotional and social value appear to be somewhat expendable with consumers in a context of economic uncertainty, while CSR that provides functional value can become an even more salient criteria for decision making. CSR is as concept generated outside of the managerial experience, and contains normative connotations that lack clarity and specificity (Green and Peloza 2011). Conclusively, globalization and value chain analysis are interrelated. The pace of globalization has increased for a couple of reasons. The development in integrated communications technology and transport has accelerated the pace of globalization. Globalization has been a driver significant growth in the industry economics. Value chain analysis can be used to formulate competitive strategies and developing linkages that create value in the global world. Global value chains aim at maximizing profit along the chain. With low cost, the companies can attain cost leadership thereby adding to the competitive advantage. Globalization provides access to cheap raw materials, energy sources and better environment regulations. There are several financial factors that significantly affect the organization of global value chains across the territorial boundaries. Without access to finance, the business would not grow and they can lose opportunities to compete and grow. One of the reasons for the rising global value chain is upgrading technology. The development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) has been an important driver in the emergence of global value chains. The integration of technology in global value chain has provided tremendous savings to the organization and opened a new world of opportunities. The information stored in the electronic database may be quicker, but the information technology systems are vulnerable to security breaches. The organizations are interacting with the customers and stakeholders in diverse languages and backgrounds. If the human resource issues are not established well and there are disparities in hiring and training processes, it shall affect the operations and lead to financial loss. The success of international trade depends on the local culture adopted by the company. Cultural mixes are the greatest area of complexity as no mistakes can be made. Value chain analysis plays a critical role in policy making. 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